Radiation laws pdf plancks law describes the amplitude of radiation emitted i. Humans with the aid of their eyes, noses, and ears are constantly seeing, smelling, and hearing things from. Basically, these logging tools are comprised of a series of electrodes. It absorbs all radiation and reemits it emissivity x mm b where m is the emissivity of an object and m b is the emissivity of a blackbody with the same temperature two models of explanaition. They should already possess an understanding that white light is the combination of all colors of the spectrum. Most remote sensing sensor systems are composed of a few common parts. How useful is the electromagnetic spectrum to remote sensing. Xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared light, heat, microwaves, and radio and television waves are all examples of.
This energy is in the form of electromagnetic radiation and derived primarily from the sun in the form of light. The electromagnetic spectrum the first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source to illuminate the target. Most remote sensing instruments measure the same thing. If you want to use a hard copy version of this tutorial, then download the pdf version and. We may think of the sun as a 6,000 k blackbody a theoretical construct that absorbs and radiates energy at the maximum possible rate per unit area at each wavelength for a given temperature. Rayleigh scattering is primarily caused by oxygen and nitrogen molecules. Utilities of gis and remote sensing data in the spatial.
Medium which interacts with this energy atmosphere 3. Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. Mar, 2015 electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that includes radio waves, microwaves, xrays and gamma rays, as well as visible light. Fundamentals of remote sensing introduction natural. Remote sensing is the art and science of recording, measuring, and analyzing information about a phenomenon from a distance. Summary the purpose of this hands on activity is to experiment with reflectance properties of various surfaces and to gain a better understanding of the effects of the position of the energy source and the detector azimuth and zenith angles on the recorded perceived brightness. The information is gathered by instruments at the natural level by our eyes, or by cameras or radiometers which measure radiation. The detector is exposed to some form of inputs and registers the respective signal. The light which our eyes can detect forms the visible spectrum. Principles of remote sensing centre for remote imaging.
Remote sensing of the terrestrial environment using middle infrared. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from the shorter wavelengths including gamma and xrays to the longer wavelengths including microwaves and broadcast radio waves. The visible electromagnetic spectrum goal the goal is to introduce the visible electromagnetic spectrum to students through use of materials readily available to most high school science classes. This is exemplified by the use of imaging systems where the following seven elements are involved. Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz or 10 19 hz, and therefore have energies above 100 kev and wavelengths less than. Electromagnetic radiation principles and concepts as. Electromagnetic radiation emr basics for remote sensing. Humans with the aid of their eyes, noses, and ears are constantly seeing, smelling, and hearing things from a distance as they move through an environment.
Electromagnetic radiation emr basics for remote sensing handouts objectives. Oct 25, 20 therefore, i would like to study each part of the remote sensing process during this semester. Satellite image was used in order to determine spatially distributed information on daily net radiation using land surface temperature, albedo and short wave radiation. This paper suggested a mechanism for electromagnetic radiation emr. The energy can be light or another form of electromagnetic radiation.
These relationships are studied using a complement of observations and theoretical modeling. Electromagnetic radiation natural resources canada. In natural resources assessment applications of remote sensing the radiation in the visible and near visible regions of the spectrum are the most. In much of remote sensing, the process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. Earth observation in the frame of eominers remote sensing technologies electromagnetic remote sensing. Remote sensing and the electromagnetic spectrum introductionrationale students have seen rainbows in the sky, on a soap bubble, or even from the spray of a garden hose. Which molecules in the atmosphere are responsible for the maximum absorption of incoming sunlight. Sensor to detect and record the change in electromagnetic energy remote sensing processes energy. Mapping and monitoring of soil salinization remote sensing, gis, modeling, electromagnetic induction and conventional methods case studies conference paper pdf available january 2010 with. Electromagnetic radiation principles and blackbody radiation. Electromagnetic radiation emr and its application in remote. Instrument addressing electromagnetic radiations are sensitive to different wavelength ranges of radiations. They should already possess an understanding that white.
Electromagnetic radiation emr and remote sensing pdf. Casde remote sensing tutorial the electromagnetic spectrum. Three types of atmospheric scattering are important in remote sensing considerations. We mention how electromagnetic radiation is used actively for radio communications with earthorbiting satellites and passively for remote sensing investigations not only of the atmospheres of the earth and. In addition, we can use fourier analysis to reduce any waveform, no matter how. Chapter 2 of campbell 2007 delves into the scientific principles of electromagnetic radiation that are fundamental to remote sensing. Sensors aboard a platform are capable to acquire the strength of reflection and radiation in each wavelength. Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without. Remote sensing is the science and to some extent, art of acquiring information about the earths surface without actually being in contact with it.
Navy office of naval research contract n0001483k0258 jin au kong, robert t. The destruction of the iraqs nuclear facilities through the wars 1991, 2003 led to create many sources. You will see a few equations in this chapter, and while you wont need. Electromagnetic radiation the nature of electromagnetic. Oct 14, 2015 the term remote sensing means the sensing of the earths surface from space by making use of the properties of electromagnetic waves emitted, reflected by the sensed objects, for the purpose of improving natural resources management, land use and. All electromagnetic waves travel through space at the same speed, c 2. The parameters that characterize a wave motion are wavelength. Remote sensing is the science and art of identifying, observing, and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it. Fundamentals of remote sensing natural resources canada. Gamma ray spectrometry is thus a powerful tool for monitoring the radiation environment. Utilities of gis and remote sensing data in the spatial analysis of the radioactive contamination site in nineveh province sabah hussein ali remote sensing center university of mosul email. The electromagnetic spectrum introductionvisible light 1 instructors guide to lab no. This study highlight remote sensing r s technique for derivation of r24n. Also, the smithpurcell radiation problem is solved taking into account the penetrable properties of metallic gratings.
Daily net radiation r24n is key variable in hydrological studies. Understanding how changes in the environment are affected by changes in weather variables such as clouds, aerosols, water vapor and surface properties are of particular interest to the department. The term remote sensing means the sensing of the earths surface from space by making use of the properties of electromagnetic waves emitted, reflected by the sensed objects, for the purpose of improving natural resources management, land use and. For the purposes of this tutorial, we will use the following definition. Frequency is the number of wavecrests passing a given point per. Electromagnetic radiation emr and its application in. The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. Electromagnetic radiation all bodies with a temperature above 273 c 0 k emit energy a blackbody reflects no radiation. The middle infrared mir spectral region, between 3. Electromagnetic waves are energy transported through space in the form of periodic disturbances of electric and magnetic fields. The instruments can be mounted on various platforms such as aircraft or satellites. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The photon properties explain blackbody radiation, continuous spectra, emission spectra, absorption spectra, and the photoelectric effect. Xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared light, heat, microwaves, and radio and television waves are all examples of electromagnetic energy.
Why is it that you should or should not put a sensor to look at reflected radiation from the earth at 0. Electromagnetic radiation, the larger family of wavelike phenomena to which visible light belongs also known as radiant energy, is the primary vehicle transporting energy through the vast reaches of the universe. This narrow band of electromagnetic radiation extends from about 400 nm violet to about 700 nm red. After, the reflected radiation was recorded by the sensors loaded.
The foundation of remote sensing technology is based on the measurement and interpretation of the patterns of emr. Note, however that remote sensing also involves the sensing of emitted energy and the use of nonimaging sensors. Emr transmit cross space in the wave form and in the speed of light. Scattering of electromagnetic waves, 3 volume set wiley. Radiation and remote sensing department of atmospheric. Electromagnetic radiation, the larger family of wavelike phenomena to which visible light belongs also known as radiant energy, is the primary vehicle transporting. Some of the images represent reflected solar radiation in the visible and the near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, others are the measurements of. Sep 17, 1999 remote sensing is the science and art of identifying, observing, and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it. Scattering of electromagnetic waves, 3 volume set wiley series in remote sensing and image processing v. Remote sensing 2 free download as powerpoint presentation. Sun which represents the initial source of most of the electromagnetic energy recorded by remote sensing systems except radar. The data sets may be map oriented, when they comprise qualitative attributes of an area recorded as lines, points, and areas often in vector format, or image oriented, when the data are quantitative attributes referring to cells in a rectangular grid usually in raster format. Introduction to remote sensing remote sensing is the ability to gather information without being in direct contact with it.
The nir and swir are also known as the reflected infrared, referring to the main infrared component of the solar radiation reflected from the earths surface. Electromagnetic radiation remote sensing in action. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy emitted by all matter above absolute zero temperature 0 kelvin or 273 celsius. Principles of remote sensing is written to be primarily used as textbook for the in troductory module on. There are several regions of the electromagnetic spectrum which are useful for remote sensing. Therefore, i would like to study each part of the remote sensing process during this semester.
Electromagnetic radiation principles and blackbody. Electromagnetic energy travels through space in waves at 299,792. Radar and other active remotesensing systems usually emit. Early borehole em methods consisted of mainly galvanic electrical measurements using very simple lowfrequency or directcurrent dc electrodes like the short and the long normal to execute welllogging for oil exploration. Radiation remote sensing components an ideal remote sensing system may have the following components 1. Next we will be examining the way in which we categorize electromagnetic radiation for just that purpose. The longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency. This involves the detection and measurement of radiation of different wavelengths reflected or emitted from distant objects or materials, by which they may be identified and categorized. The book is also a useful reference for engineers and scientists working in fields such as. A canada centre for remote sensing remote sensing tutorial.
Electromagnetic radiation principles and concepts as applied. Example of spectrogram generated by gamma spectrometry optical remote sensing methods can in theory detect what happens in the air and in the vicinity. For 12 bits, total data length is 212 4096 bits per band. Pdf mapping and monitoring of soil salinization remote. Passive sensors gather radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or. Radio astronomy, highfrequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, amateur radio, directedenergy weapon, millimeter wave scanner many natural sources, besides salinity, contribute to the microwave radiation at lband frequencies approximately 1 gigahertz measured by satellites. Understanding the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation in terms of their wavelength and frequency is crucial to understanding the information to be extracted from remote sensing data. Radiation and remote sensing department of atmospheric and. I know that as the sun emits radiation consistently, the electromagnetic radiation passes through and interacts with the earths atmosphere, as well as objects on the ground surface. Wavelength is the distance from wavecrest to wavecrest. Returning to the university of bern in 1978 he now leads the project group radiometry for environmental monitoring on the propagation, emission and scattering of electromagnetic radiation in snow and ice, soil and vegetation, and in the atmosphere for the advancement of remote sensing with emphasis on microwave radiometry.
Shin, jay kyoon lee in the remote sensing of ice, one of the dominant effects in the determination of the radar. Radiation and remote sensing university of southampton. Env202 introductory remote sensing wk 2 2 lecture outline revision introduction to electromagnetic radiation emr wave and particle theory emr interactions in the atmosphere from emr interactions to imagery spectral band combinations env202 introductory remote sensing wk 2 3 revision what is remote sensing. A datahandling and analysis system based on sets of data distributed spatially in two dimensions. Estimating daily net radiation flux r n using remote. There are four main affects to the signal in a remote sensing system. If you have studied an engineering or physical science discipline, much of this may be familiar to you.